Intinews | Selama masa pandemi Covid-19, pertumbuhan ekonomi melambat, khususnya di sektor riil akibat pembatasan kegiatan masyarakat untuk memutus mata rantai penyebaran virus SARS COV-2. Kebangkitan usaha mikro, kecil, dan menengah menjadi salah satu tumpuan utama pemulihan ekonomi nasional.
Untuk mengatasi kondisi tersebut, pemerintah menggulirkan program pemulihan ekonomi nasional (PEN), seiring sejalan dengan penanganan sektor kesehatan yang terkait kasus Covid-19. Sektor finansial dan moneter saling menyokong demi tetap berputarnya sektor riil, terutama UMKM sebagai penunjang perekonomian nasional. Hal itu mengingat serapan tenaga kerjanya yang besar serta amat beragam produknya.
Inklusi kelompok UMKM terus digenjot. Pemerintah memiliki beberapa program untuk mendukung pelaku UMKM bertahan di tengah Covid-19, antara lain, penempatan dana di bank, pembiayaan ultra mikro, subsidi bunga pinjaman, garansi modal kerja, hibah untuk usaha mikro, dan insentif PPh final.
Pemerintah pun terus mendorong para pelaku UMKM agar masuk ke layanan finansial berbasis digital maupun memasarkan produk-produk mereka di lokapasar (marketplace) digital.
Menteri Koperasi dan UKM Teten Masduki menargetkan 30 juta pelaku UMKM bisa bertransformasi ke ranah digital pada 2024. Saat ini, baru terdapat 8 juta pelaku UMKM tergabung di ekosistem digital dan 14,5 juta atau 22 persen populasi pelaku UMKM yang on boarding di platform pemasaran digital.
Tidak hanya pemerintah, BI pun mendukung pembiayaan UMKM dengan membuat kebijakan inklusif bagi pelaku UMKM nasional. Gubernur BI Perry Warjiyo mengumumkan bahwa pihaknya akan menerbitkan rasio pembiayaan inklusif makroprudensial (RPIM) untuk memperkuat peran UMKM dalam pemulihan ekonomi nasional. Menurut rencana, RPIM ini bakal berlaku sejak 1 September 2021.
Dijelaskan Perry Warjiyo, saat memaparkan hasil Rapat Dewan Gubernur BI, Kamis (19/8/2021), bahwa pembiayaan kredit inklusif untuk UMKM, bukan hanya kepada UMKM-nya, melainkan kepada berbagai pihak yang mendukung UMKM.
“Pembiayaan kepada pihak, lembaga, atau korporat yang kemudian mendukung UMKM, termasuk juga pembiayaan pribadi produktif seperti kredit pemilikan rumah (KPR),” tutur Gubernur BI.
Dengan begitu, melalui kebijakan RPIM, penyaluran kredit perbankan kepada UMKM bisa dilakukan secara langsung. Bagi bank yang bukan bergerak di bidang ritel dapat bermitra dengan pihak lain, seperti permodalan nasional madani (PNM), Pegadaian, dan badan layanan umum (BLU) dari pemerintah yang memang berkiprah di UMKM.
Sejauh ini, BI bersama Kementerian Keuangan sedang merumuskan sekuritas-sekuritas berharga untuk pembiayaan inklusif kepada UMKM tersebut atau disebut dengan Sekuritas Berharga untuk Pembiayaan Inklusif (SBPI). Artinya pembiayaan kepada UMKM bisa dalam bentuk kredit dan pembelian sekuritas.
“Bisa dalam bentuk SBN inklusif, SBSN inklusif, atau sukuk BI inklusif. Itu bank-bank tadi berpartisipasi dalam pembiayaan inklusif, selain penyaluran kredit secara langsung tapi juga pembelian atau partisipasi sekuritas-sekuritas untuk pembiayaan inklusif,” tukas Perry Warjiyo.
Hingga Agustus 2021, realisasi anggaran pemerintah untuk mendukung pengembangan UMKM dan korporasi terealisasi sebesar Rp48 triliun dari alokasi anggaran Rp184,83 triliun yang disiapkan untuk PEN pada 2021. Anggaran tersebut disalurkan berupa Bantuan Presiden untuk Usaha Mikro (BPUM) bagi 11,84 juta usaha, subsidi imbal jasa pinjaman (IJP) UMKM untuk 2,01 juta UMKM, serta IJP korporasi untuk 26 korporasi.
Dalam kurun waktu dua tahun terakhir ini, sektor UMKM juga memperoleh sokongan dari Kementerian BUMN melalui bank-bank anggota Himbara yang telah menyalurkan Kredit Usaha Rakyat (KUR) sebesar Rp341 triliun.
Bank BUMN juga telah melakukan restrukturisasi kredit untuk segmen UMKM dan korporasi dengan total Rp95 triliun sepanjang 2020 sampai dengan hingga Juli 2021. BRI misalnya, melakukan restrukturisasi kredit terdampak Covid-19 dengan nilai mencapai Rp175,16 triliun hingga akhir Juni 2021.
Selain itu, hingga akhir Juni 2021, BRI juga telah menyalurkan kredit kepada segmen UMKM dengan nominal mencapai Rp749 triliun atau setara 80,62 persen total kredit BRI.
Sementara itu, penempatan dana pada bank dengan total penyaluran kredit sejak 2020 mencapai Rp416,18 triliun bagi 5,3 juta debitur serta subsidi bunga KUR dan non-KUR bagi 4,45 juta debitur.
Realisasi ini merupakan bagian dari stimulus pemerintah dalam rangka memulihkan perekonomian nasional melalui penguatan UMKM agar bertahan di tengah pandemi Covid-19. (vv/*)
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