Intinews | Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK) berkomitmen untuk dapat menciptakan industri Pasar Modal yang teratur, wajar, transparan dan efisien, salah satunya melalui penerbitan Peraturan Otoritas Jasa Keuangan Nomor 21 Tahun 2022 tentang Tata Cara Pengajuan Permohonan Pernyataan Kepailitan dan Penundaan Kewajiban Pembayaran Utang Terhadap Perusahaan Efek (POJK 21/2022).
POJK 21/2022 ini diterbitkan mengingat Perusahaan Efek memegang peranan sangat penting dalam aktivitas industri Pasar Modal karena Perusahaan Efek melakukan kegiatan usaha sebagai Penjamin Emisi Efek, Perantara Perdagangan Efek, dan atau Manajer Investasi.
Berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 37 Tahun 2004 tentang Kepailitan dan Penundaan Kewajiban Pembayaran Utang, belum terdapat mekanisme terkait pelaksanaan kewenangan OJK untuk mengajukan kepailitan atas Perusahaan Efek.
Oleh karena itu, guna memberikan kepastian dalam penyelesaian kewajiban Perusahaan Efek kepada masyarakat yang telah menyetorkan dana atau menginvestasikan dananya pada Perusahaan Efek serta menghindari penyelesaian yang cukup lama terhadap proses pengembalian dana milik masyarakat dari Perusahaan Efek yang telah melakukan penyalahgunaan dana tersebut, diperlukan proses kepailitan dan penundaan kewajiban pembayaran utang dari Perusahaan Efek.
Definisi kepailitan yang diatur dalam POJK 21/2022 adalah sita umum atas semua kekayaan debitor pailit yang pengurusan dan pemberesannya dilakukan oleh kurator di bawah pengawasan hakim pengawas. Sedangkan definisi penundaan kewajiban pembayaran utang adalah permohonan dengan maksud untuk mengajukan rencana perdamaian yang meliputi tawaran pembayaran sebagian atau seluruh utang kepada Kreditor.
Dalam rangka memberikan pedoman tata cara dan mekanisme permohonan kepailitan atau penundaan kewajiban pembayaran utang yang dilakukan Kreditor Perusahaan Efek atau oleh Perusahaan Efek itu sendiri, OJK telah menyusun pedoman penanganan permohonan kepailitan dan penundaan kewajiban pembayaran utang terhadap Perusahaan Efek dalam POJK 21/2022. Dalam POJK 21/2022 ini diatur bahwa permohonan pernyataan kepailitan Perusahaan Efek dan penundaan kewajiban pembayaran utang terhadap Perusahaan Efek dilaksanakan sesuai dengan ketentuan peraturan perundang-undangan, dan hanya dapat diajukan oleh OJK.
Dasar permohonan pernyataan kepailitan Perusahaan Efek, yaitu:
- Diajukan paling sedikit 2 Kreditor yang memiliki paling sedikit 1 utang yang telah jatuh tempo dan dapat ditagih terhadap Perusahaan Efek;
- Terdapat permohonan yang diajukan oleh Perusahaan Efek sendiri; dan
- Pelaksanaan fungsi, tugas, kewenangan OJK.
Selanjutnya, dasar permohonan penundaan kewajiban pembayaran utang Perusahaan Efek, meliputi:
- Diajukan paling sedikit 2 Kreditor yang memperkirakan bahwa Perusahaan Efek tidak dapat melanjutkan membayar utangnya yang sudah jatuh waktu dan dapat ditagih;
- Terdapat permohonan yang diajukan oleh Perusahaan Efek sendiri; dan
- Pelaksanaan fungsi, tugas, dan kewenangan OJK.
Dengan tersedianya dasar hukum mekanisme teknis permohonan kepailitan dan penundaan kewajiban pembayaran utang terhadap Perusahaan Efek ini diharapkan dapat tercipta keteraturan dalam industri Pasar Modal dan perlindungan nasabah Perusahaan Efek dapat terjaga.
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